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關于蓄電池免維護誤區的資料及維護內容總結

• 2022-03-09
• 管理員
• 862

1.       首先(xian)明確表明閥控型密封鉛酸蓄(xu)電池VRLA不是免維護(hu)，而(er)是相對敞(chang)口(kou)式(shi)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池來(lai)說不用加酸(suan)加水省去很大工(gong)作量的(de)少維護(hu)型(xing)閥控型(xing)密封(feng)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池。

2.       維(wei)護(hu)之一：閥控型(xing)密封(feng)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)VRLA在(zai)正常運行(xing)狀態下，每隔三個(ge)月(yue)應該進行(xing)一次(ci)        均充電(dian)，目的有二(er)(er)：一(yi)是對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量的一(yi)種補充，二(er)(er)是作為(wei)對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)活性物質的激活。

均充電壓的(de)選(xuan)擇：

環境溫度(du)	單體均充電壓	24V系統均充電壓	48V系(xi)統均充(chong)電壓
<10	2.55	30.6	61.2
15	2.45	29.4	58.8
20	2.40	28.8	57.6
25	2.35	28.2	56.4
30	2.30	27.6	55.2
35	2.25	27.0	54.0
40	2.20	26.4	52.8
推薦室溫(wen)	2.35	28.2	56.4

3         維(wei)護(hu)之二：

密(mi)封(feng)電池需經常檢查的項(xiang)目：

a.      端電壓

b.      連接處(chu)有無松(song)動、腐(fu)蝕現(xian)象。

c.      電池(chi)殼(ke)體有(you)無滲漏和變(bian)形。

d.      極柱、安全閥周圍是否有酸霧(wu)液(ye)逸(yi)出。

e.      如具備專業的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)監控(kong)系統，應通過(guo)監控(kong)系統對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、標示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫度進行監控(kong)，并定期(qi)自動對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量測試。實時了解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線及(ji)性能，發(fa)現故障(zhang)及(ji)時處理。

f.      每一個單(dan)體(ti)電池極柱（板）的接觸表面，一概(gai)清掃并涂(tu)以抗(kang)氧化“A”油脂或(huo)凡士林

l         影響閥控式鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)實際使用壽命(ming)的(de)因(yin)素很多，起(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)作用的(de)有以下幾方面：

4         過充(chong)：普通鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較(jiao)低，這時無氫氧氣體析出，隨后鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸上升，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升高(gao)到一定數值(zhi)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)將析出大量氣體。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓上升至(zhi)2.30—2.35V/只時（此(ci)電(dian)壓稱為發氣(qi)點電(dian)壓）電(dian)池中氣(qi)體顯著增多。隨著充電(dian)的(de)進行，電(dian)極表面(mian)的(de)PbO2愈來愈多，而PbSO4已逐漸變(bian)少，正極(ji)析氧速率便會(hui)愈來愈大，與(yu)此(ci)同時電(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)也開始(shi)析氫。故過充(chong)電(dian)將(jiang)會(hui)使電(dian)池(chi)產生大量(liang)的氣體，從(cong)而使蓄電(dian)池(chi)失(shi)水導(dao)致過早實(shi)效，容量(liang)早期減退。

5         過(guo)放：為(wei)了定期檢測(ce)電(dian)池運行(xing)期的荷電(dian)能力所(suo)進(jin)行(xing)的放電(dian)，稱(cheng)為(wei)核(he)對(dui)性放電(dian)。VRLA蓄電池以0.1C恒流放電終了電壓為1.80v，放電(dian)(dian)終了的(de)持(chi)續放電(dian)(dian)稱為過放電(dian)(dian)，一旦進入(ru)過放電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)壓會(hui)加速跌落，極容易造成供電(dian)(dian)中斷，還會(hui)造成活性物質過渡(du)的(de)消耗，導致活性物質孔(kong)隙和下次充電(dian)(dian)所預留(liu)的(de)反應(ying)面(mian)積減少，造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)對后續充電(dian)(dian)及使(shi)用維護的(de)困難，最終導致蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)無法充滿(man)，容量大(da)幅度下降。

6         溫度：電(dian)池的運行條件也(ye)對電(dian)池的壽(shou)命產生重要的影響(xiang)。如(ru)果在高(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)長期使用，溫(wen)度        每(mei)增(zeng)高10度，電池壽命(ming)降(jiang)低一半。

7         負(fu)極板硫酸化：能夠履行正常(chang)工作的VRLA蓄(xu)電(dian)池，負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)放電(dian)產物硫(liu)酸鉛呈(cheng)較小顆(ke)粒(li)，充電(dian)時(shi)很(hen)容(rong)易恢復為絨狀鉛，但是某些電(dian)池放電(dian)產物為難溶性(xing)大顆(ke)粒(li)硫(liu)酸鉛，并(bing)且在充電(dian)時(shi)不能還原為絨狀鉛，這種(zhong)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)為硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)。負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)的原因有(you)：電(dian)池長(chang)期(qi)充電(dian)不足，高(gao)溫下長(chang)期(qi)放電(dian)，長(chang)期(qi)放電(dian)擱置，高(gao)型極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)電(dian)解液(ye)濃(nong)度分層和電(dian)池失水等。負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)將直(zhi)接導致蓄(xu)電(dian)池的容(rong)量(liang)退(tui)縮。防止負(fu)(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)化(hua)的有(you)效(xiao)方(fang)法是始終(zhong)保(bao)持電(dian)池內容(rong)量(liang)飽滿(man)。

8         長(chang)期處于浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態不放電(dian)(dian)：長(chang)期(qi)不放電(dian)(dian)將會導致蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)沉淀，活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)若長(chang)期(qi)處于(yu)沉淀狀態，將會很(hen)難再參與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部的化(hua)學反應，從而造成(cheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量的減失。

9         新電池在剛安(an)裝上之(zhi)后應(ying)該(gai)做一(yi)個驗收性質的放電(dian)，用(yong)來檢(jian)驗電(dian)池的容量；三年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)后每年(nian)(nian)都應(ying)該(gai)做一(yi)次核對性放電(dian)，作用(yong)有二：一(yi)是放電(dian)30%--50%，用(yong)來(lai)防止長期(qi)不放(fang)電蓄電池內(nei)部(bu)活(huo)性(xing)物質沉淀，二是放(fang)電80%--100%，用來(lai)核對(dui)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)檢(jian)驗電(dian)(dian)池的荷電(dian)(dian)能力，三(san)是用核對(dui)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)來(lai)找(zhao)出(chu)壞電(dian)(dian)池以便能及時更換，因為電(dian)(dian)池組中有(you)壞電(dian)(dian)池的危(wei)害(hai)是很大的。

蓄電池的充放電

蓄(xu)電池的充電有(you)相關(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)要(yao)求(qiu)，一般就蓄(xu)電池的維護作(zuo)用而言，采用相對十小(xiao)時率(lv)小(xiao)電流充電效果(guo)更(geng)好。

1、  充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程中應保(bao)持電(dian)解液溫度(du)不(bu)超過(guo)40℃，當(dang)電解(jie)液溫度達到40℃時，應采(cai)取降溫措施。

2、  初(chu)充電(dian)(dian)后，應作一(yi)次容量(liang)試(shi)驗，第(di)一(yi)次放(fang)電(dian)(dian)應能(neng)放(fang)出額定(ding)容量(liang)的(de)80%

3、    蓄電池的充電：
3.1.密封(feng)電池組遇有下列情況(kuang)之時應(ying)進行充(chong)電：
　　（1）浮充電壓有兩只(zhi)以上低(di)于2.18V/只。
　　（2）擱置不用(yong)時間超過(guo)三個月。
3.2、蓄電池(chi)充電終止的(de)判(pan)斷依據(ju)：
　　a.充電(dian)量不小于放出電(dian)量的1.2倍(bei)。
　　b.防酸式(shi)電池不(bu)同電解液溫度(du)和充(chong)電電壓的充(chong)電終期電流應不(bu)大于下表數值并維(wei)持3h不變。